"Boost.Thread enables the use of multiple threads of execution with shared data in portable C++ code. It provides classes and functions for managing the threads themselves, along with others for synchronizing data between the threads or providing separate copies of data specific to individual threads."

"The GNU Debugger (GDB) is a portable debugger that runs on many Unix-like systems and works for many programming languages, including C, C++, ... and partially others."

“Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications… A continer is a sandboxed process on our machine that is isolated from all other porcesses on the host machine….”

Smart pointer object has a ability of taking ownership of pointer: once they take ownership they manage the pointed object by becoming responsible for its deletion at some point.

"Valgrind is an instrumentation framework for building dynamic analysis tools. It comes with a set of tools each of which performs some kind of debugging, profiling, or similar task that helps you improve your programs."... from Wiki page.

Tmux is an open-source terminal multiplexr for Unix-like operating systems. It allows multiple terminal sessions to be accessed simultaneously in a single window.

Graph is common data structure that represents the relationships between different entities using edges and vertices. The behavior of search algorithm can be changed by plugging in different data structures, such as using a stack yields depth-first search, and using a queue gives breadth-first search.

"Graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points) which are connected by edges (also called links or lines). Graphs are one of the principal objects of study in discrete mathematics." ... from Wiki page.

Either computer data storage or telecommunication, regardless of the data storages and transmission, is non-zero probabilities that the data could be changed while it's being stored or transmitted. There is always a code-word with block length without free bit-errors. That means the data probably could be changed while it is being processed or transmitted. If the machine can't locate the position of the error and correct it, the information might be lost forever.

In our daily life, most of us usually use Google Map or Apple Maps to help us to navigate to a place. We can see traffic info, public transit and also choose our mode of transportation.