"Graph theory is the study of graphs, which are mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects. A graph in this context is made up of vertices (also called nodes or points) which are connected by edges (also called links or lines). Graphs are one of the principal objects of study in discrete mathematics." ... from Wiki page.

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Either computer data storage or telecommunication, regardless of the data storages and transmission, is non-zero probabilities that the data could be changed while it's being stored or transmitted. There is always a code-word with block length without free bit-errors. That means the data probably could be changed while it is being processed or transmitted. If the machine can't locate the position of the error and correct it, the information might be lost forever.

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ShiRong Liu

I occasionally write on my website.
I also dabble in GitHub page, open-source, software development, Linux, and travels in my spare time.


Embedded C/C++ Software Engineer


Taiwan